North America Native Plant

Afzel’s Script Lichen

Botanical name: Graphis afzelii

USDA symbol: GRAF2

Habit: lichen

Native status: Native to North America  

Afzel’s Script Lichen: Nature’s Mysterious Writing on Trees Have you ever noticed what looks like ancient script or mysterious writing etched into the bark of trees in your yard or local forest? You might be looking at Afzel’s script lichen (Graphis afzelii), one of nature’s most intriguing botanical mysteries. This ...

Afzel’s Script Lichen: Nature’s Mysterious Writing on Trees

Have you ever noticed what looks like ancient script or mysterious writing etched into the bark of trees in your yard or local forest? You might be looking at Afzel’s script lichen (Graphis afzelii), one of nature’s most intriguing botanical mysteries. This fascinating organism isn’t actually a plant at all – it’s a lichen, which means it’s a unique partnership between fungi and algae living together in perfect harmony.

What Exactly Is Afzel’s Script Lichen?

Afzel’s script lichen is a crustose lichen native to North America that creates distinctive black, elongated markings on tree bark that genuinely look like someone has been writing on the trees with an ancient quill pen. These markings, called lirellae, contain the lichen’s reproductive structures and give this species its common name.

As a lichen, Graphis afzelii represents one of nature’s most successful partnerships. The fungal component provides structure and protection, while the algal partner conducts photosynthesis to create food for both organisms. It’s like having a built-in solar panel and security system all rolled into one!

Where You’ll Find This Natural Calligraphy

This lichen is primarily found throughout eastern North America, thriving in deciduous and mixed forests where it grows as an epiphyte on the bark of various tree species. It’s particularly fond of mature forests with good air quality.

How to Identify Afzel’s Script Lichen

Spotting Afzel’s script lichen is like becoming a nature detective. Here’s what to look for:

  • Grayish-white to pale crusty patches on tree bark
  • Distinctive black, elongated markings that look like script or writing
  • These script markings (lirellae) are typically 1-3mm long and slightly raised
  • Usually found on the smooth bark of deciduous trees
  • More common in areas with clean air and moderate humidity

Is Afzel’s Script Lichen Beneficial for Your Garden?

While you can’t plant or cultivate this lichen (it does its own thing, thank you very much!), having it naturally occur in your landscape is actually a wonderful sign. Here’s why:

  • Air quality indicator: Lichens are sensitive to air pollution, so their presence indicates good air quality in your area
  • Ecosystem health: They contribute to biodiversity and indicate a healthy forest ecosystem
  • No harm to trees: Despite growing on bark, lichens don’t damage their host trees – they’re just hitchhiking
  • Natural beauty: They add unique texture and visual interest to tree bark

Living Conditions and Habitat Preferences

Afzel’s script lichen has particular preferences when it comes to where it sets up shop:

  • Prefers the bark of deciduous trees in mature forests
  • Thrives in areas with clean air and minimal pollution
  • Enjoys moderate to high humidity levels
  • Typically found in shaded to partially shaded forest environments

Can You Encourage Lichens in Your Landscape?

While you can’t plant lichens like you would a flower, you can create conditions that make them more likely to show up naturally:

  • Maintain mature trees with interesting bark textures
  • Avoid using harsh chemicals or pesticides that could affect air quality
  • Keep areas around trees relatively undisturbed
  • Ensure good air circulation and natural humidity levels

The Bottom Line

Afzel’s script lichen isn’t something you’ll find at your local garden center, and that’s perfectly fine! This fascinating organism is best appreciated as a natural occurrence that indicates you’re doing something right with your landscape management. If you spot these mysterious writings on your trees, take a moment to appreciate this ancient partnership between fungi and algae that has been decorating our forests for thousands of years.

Remember, lichens are slow-growing and sensitive to environmental changes, so if they’ve chosen your trees as their canvas, consider yourself lucky to be hosting some of nature’s most patient and artistic residents.

Afzel’s Script Lichen

Classification

Group

Lichen

Kingdom

Fungi - Fungi

Subkingdom
Superdivision
Division

Ascomycota - Sac fungi

Subdivision
Class

Ascomycetes

Subclass
Order

Graphidales

Family

Graphidaceae Dumort.

Genus

Graphis Adans. - script lichen

Species

Graphis afzelii Ach. - Afzel's script lichen

Plant data source: USDA, NRCS 2025. The PLANTS Database. https://plants.usda.gov,. 2/25/2025. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC USA